基于梯度提升决策树（GBDT）的机器学习（ML）算法在从医疗保健到金融的各种任务关键应用程序中的许多表格数据任务上仍然受到青睐。但是，GBDT算法并不能免于偏见和歧视性决策的风险。尽管GBDT的受欢迎程度和公平ML研究的迅速发展，但现有的经过处理的公平ML方法要么不适用GBDT，因此在大量的火车时间内开销，或者由于高级失衡的问题而不足。我们提出FairgBM，这是一个在公平限制下培训GBDT的学习框架，与无约束的LightGBM相比，对预测性能几乎没有影响。由于常见的公平指标是不可差异的，因此我们使用平滑的凸错误率代理采用``代理 - 拉格朗日''公式来实现基于梯度的优化。此外，与相关工作相比，我们的开源实施在训练时间中显示了一个数量级的加速顺序，这是一个关键方面，旨在促进现实世界实践者对FairgBM的广泛采用。

近年来，机器学习算法在多种高风险决策应用程序中变得无处不在。机器学习算法从数据中学习模式的无与伦比的能力也使它们能够融合嵌入的偏差。然后，一个有偏见的模型可以做出不成比例地损害社会中某些群体的决策 - 例如，他们获得金融服务的机会。对这个问题的认识引起了公平ML领域，该领域的重点是研究，衡量和缓解算法预测的不公平性，相对于一组受保护的群体（例如种族或性别）。但是，算法不公平的根本原因仍然难以捉摸，研究人员在指责ML算法或训练的数据之间进行了划分。在这项工作中，我们坚持认为，算法不公平源于数据中模型与偏见之间的相互作用，而不是源于其中任何一个的孤立贡献。为此，我们提出了一种分类法来表征数据偏差，并研究了一系列关于公平盲目的ML算法在不同数据偏见设置下表现出的公平性准确性权衡的假设。在我们的现实帐户开放欺诈用例中，我们发现每个设置都需要特定的权衡，从而影响了预期价值和差异的公平性 - 后者通常没有注意到。此外，我们展示了算法在准确性和公平性方面如何根据影响数据的偏差进行比较。最后，我们注意到，在特定的数据偏见条件下，简单的预处理干预措施可以成功平衡小组错误率，而在更复杂的设置中相同的技术失败。

Credit scoring models are the primary instrument used by financial institutions to manage credit risk. The scarcity of research on behavioral scoring is due to the difficult data access. Financial institutions have to maintain the privacy and security of borrowers' information refrain them from collaborating in research initiatives. In this work, we present a methodology that allows us to evaluate the performance of models trained with synthetic data when they are applied to real-world data. Our results show that synthetic data quality is increasingly poor when the number of attributes increases. However, creditworthiness assessment models trained with synthetic data show a reduction of 3\% of AUC and 6\% of KS when compared with models trained with real data. These results have a significant impact since they encourage credit risk investigation from synthetic data, making it possible to maintain borrowers' privacy and to address problems that until now have been hampered by the availability of information.

Spacecraft pose estimation is a key task to enable space missions in which two spacecrafts must navigate around each other. Current state-of-the-art algorithms for pose estimation employ data-driven techniques. However, there is an absence of real training data for spacecraft imaged in space conditions due to the costs and difficulties associated with the space environment. This has motivated the introduction of 3D data simulators, solving the issue of data availability but introducing a large gap between the training (source) and test (target) domains. We explore a method that incorporates 3D structure into the spacecraft pose estimation pipeline to provide robustness to intensity domain shift and we present an algorithm for unsupervised domain adaptation with robust pseudo-labelling. Our solution has ranked second in the two categories of the 2021 Pose Estimation Challenge organised by the European Space Agency and the Stanford University, achieving the lowest average error over the two categories.

The field of Automatic Music Generation has seen significant progress thanks to the advent of Deep Learning. However, most of these results have been produced by unconditional models, which lack the ability to interact with their users, not allowing them to guide the generative process in meaningful and practical ways. Moreover, synthesizing music that remains coherent across longer timescales while still capturing the local aspects that make it sound ``realistic'' or ``human-like'' is still challenging. This is due to the large computational requirements needed to work with long sequences of data, and also to limitations imposed by the training schemes that are often employed. In this paper, we propose a generative model of symbolic music conditioned by data retrieved from human sentiment. The model is a Transformer-GAN trained with labels that correspond to different configurations of the valence and arousal dimensions that quantitatively represent human affective states. We try to tackle both of the problems above by employing an efficient linear version of Attention and using a Discriminator both as a tool to improve the overall quality of the generated music and its ability to follow the conditioning signals.

Automatic Text Summarization (ATS) is becoming relevant with the growth of textual data; however, with the popularization of public large-scale datasets, some recent machine learning approaches have focused on dense models and architectures that, despite producing notable results, usually turn out in models difficult to interpret. Given the challenge behind interpretable learning-based text summarization and the importance it may have for evolving the current state of the ATS field, this work studies the application of two modern Generalized Additive Models with interactions, namely Explainable Boosting Machine and GAMI-Net, to the extractive summarization problem based on linguistic features and binary classification.

This work presents a thorough review concerning recent studies and text generation advancements using Generative Adversarial Networks. The usage of adversarial learning for text generation is promising as it provides alternatives to generate the so-called "natural" language. Nevertheless, adversarial text generation is not a simple task as its foremost architecture, the Generative Adversarial Networks, were designed to cope with continuous information (image) instead of discrete data (text). Thus, most works are based on three possible options, i.e., Gumbel-Softmax differentiation, Reinforcement Learning, and modified training objectives. All alternatives are reviewed in this survey as they present the most recent approaches for generating text using adversarial-based techniques. The selected works were taken from renowned databases, such as Science Direct, IEEEXplore, Springer, Association for Computing Machinery, and arXiv, whereas each selected work has been critically analyzed and assessed to present its objective, methodology, and experimental results.

Video segmentation consists of a frame-by-frame selection process of meaningful areas related to foreground moving objects. Some applications include traffic monitoring, human tracking, action recognition, efficient video surveillance, and anomaly detection. In these applications, it is not rare to face challenges such as abrupt changes in weather conditions, illumination issues, shadows, subtle dynamic background motions, and also camouflage effects. In this work, we address such shortcomings by proposing a novel deep learning video segmentation approach that incorporates residual information into the foreground detection learning process. The main goal is to provide a method capable of generating an accurate foreground detection given a grayscale video. Experiments conducted on the Change Detection 2014 and on the private dataset PetrobrasROUTES from Petrobras support the effectiveness of the proposed approach concerning some state-of-the-art video segmentation techniques, with overall F-measures of $\mathbf{0.9535}$ and $\mathbf{0.9636}$ in the Change Detection 2014 and PetrobrasROUTES datasets, respectively. Such a result places the proposed technique amongst the top 3 state-of-the-art video segmentation methods, besides comprising approximately seven times less parameters than its top one counterpart.

Scene change detection is an image processing problem related to partitioning pixels of a digital image into foreground and background regions. Mostly, visual knowledge-based computer intelligent systems, like traffic monitoring, video surveillance, and anomaly detection, need to use change detection techniques. Amongst the most prominent detection methods, there are the learning-based ones, which besides sharing similar training and testing protocols, differ from each other in terms of their architecture design strategies. Such architecture design directly impacts on the quality of the detection results, and also in the device resources capacity, like memory. In this work, we propose a novel Multiscale Cascade Residual Convolutional Neural Network that integrates multiscale processing strategy through a Residual Processing Module, with a Segmentation Convolutional Neural Network. Experiments conducted on two different datasets support the effectiveness of the proposed approach, achieving average overall $\boldsymbol{F\text{-}measure}$ results of $\boldsymbol{0.9622}$ and $\boldsymbol{0.9664}$ over Change Detection 2014 and PetrobrasROUTES datasets respectively, besides comprising approximately eight times fewer parameters. Such obtained results place the proposed technique amongst the top four state-of-the-art scene change detection methods.

Research on remote sensing image classification significantly impacts essential human routine tasks such as urban planning and agriculture. Nowadays, the rapid advance in technology and the availability of many high-quality remote sensing images create a demand for reliable automation methods. The current paper proposes two novel deep learning-based architectures for image classification purposes, i.e., the Discriminant Deep Image Prior Network and the Discriminant Deep Image Prior Network+, which combine Deep Image Prior and Triplet Networks learning strategies. Experiments conducted over three well-known public remote sensing image datasets achieved state-of-the-art results, evidencing the effectiveness of using deep image priors for remote sensing image classification.